As a beginner or immediate C++ programmer, you heard never mixing unsigned and signed integer types or avoiding unsigned integers at all. There was also this talk about undefined behaviour. Yet, in embedded software development, there is no way around unsigned integers – so what is behind all these warnings? Wonderful that you strive to…
Category: Learn
How to Create a Large 3D Printed Artwork
I recently built a relatively large (100cm × 80cm) 3D printed artwork, which features a painted relief of mathematical functions. Read how I prepared the data, converted it into 3D printable tiles and converted them into printable gcode. All the images and previews are from the proof of concept I created. The final artwork is…
Filtered RPM Measurement Using PIO
The Raspberry Pi RP2040 chip is a remarkable microcontroller. The programmable IO block (PIO) is only one of many great features of this chip. In this post, I show you a method of how to utilise PIO, to capture the speed of an attached PC fan with included software filter. Most fans have a feedback…
How to Assemble the MicroMaTch Connectors with a Hammer
I mentioned in one of my posts how to assemble the MicroMaTch connectors using a hammer, but never explained the rather simple method in detail. So I made a short video, explaining the exact technique I use. If you have any questions, missed information, or simply want to provide feedback, feel free to comment below…
Event-Based Firmware Example
If you read the previous articles about event-based firmware, modularisation and templates, you may wonder how to combine all these concepts in your firmware. I created a working firmware example, based on an event loop. In contrast to the minimal example code in my articles, this one contains everything you need to start a project….
Consistent Error Handling
Error handling in firmware is a difficult task. If you decide to ignore errors, the best you can expect is a deadlock, but you could also damage the hardware. When reviewing existing code, I often find boolean return values or a system of error codes. The problem with these systems is the lack of readability….
Use Enum with More Class!
You may be familiar with enum values, but do you know about enum classes? This great feature was introduced with C++11 to solve several problems with the regular enum declaration. Now I will explain the enum class declaration and demonstrate its practical uses. Although the examples I provide are intended for the Arduino Uno, the…
C++ Templates for Embedded Code (Part 2)
Templates are a powerful feature of the C++ language, but their syntax can be complex. Here I will continue with the second part of the article. Although the examples I provide are for the Arduino Uno and Adafruit Feather M0, the concepts will work with any platform and with all modern C++ compilers. Recap of…
Bit Manipulation using Templates
Did you read my article about C++ templates for embedded code? You learned how to use function templates. This post adds a practical example to this topic. Bit Manipulation You may be familiar with bit manipulation code like this: For simplicity, you like to select single bits using its index number. This is a common…
C++ Templates for Embedded Code
Templates are a powerful feature of the C++ language but their syntax can be complex. This causes some developers to not use them, while others are concerned that templates might cause bloat to the compiled code. I will explain how templates work and how you may use them in your code. Although the examples I…